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Many other Scientologist-run businesses and organizations come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This section needs growth. You can assist by adding to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or respected people. Scientology Perth. Though it has actually attained some credibility as a religion in lots of nations, Scientology has likewise been referred to as both a cult and an industrial enterprise.


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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field people it views as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 useful link by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than check over here IRS had at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as figured out in an internet poll run by the presidential transition team getting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has actually criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published annual International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a business enterprise, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a click for more info registered trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor - Church of Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by an organization not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unusual. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive methods in attending to those it sees as trying to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper known to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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